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Arthrographis kalrae
(described by Cochet ex Sigler and Carmichael in 1976)
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Colonies on Sabouraud dextrose agar at 35°C represent the Trichosporiella yeast synanamorph of Arthrographis kalrae[2106]. These colonies are cream colored and glabrous and, may resemble those of Candida albicans. When grown on potato dextrose agar for 7 day at 25°C colonies are velvety with a white to buff front and a pale yellow reverse.
The yeast phase consists of elongate to oval budding blastoconidia that are germ tube negative. The filamentous phase has hyaline, septate hyphae, dendritic (tree-like) conidiophores, and chains of rectangular arthroconidia 2-4 µm in length not separated by disjunctor (intervening) cells. The vegetative hyphae may also produce sessile, subglobose conidia measuring 4 x 5 µm.
Arthrographis kalrae is frequently mistaken for a Candida species, particularly when young and grown at 35°C. Incubation at 25-30°C is necessary for the filamentous phase to develop. Physiologic features that may assist in the identification include a weakly positive urease test, the ability to grow on media containing cycloheximide, no assimilation of nitrate, and growth at 40-42°C. This organism is a documented etiologic agent of mycetoma[547], photophobia in a contact lens wearer[1764], sinusitis and meningitis in an AIDS patient[435], and sinusitis and ophthalmitis in a healthy individual following trauma to the eye[2461].
| AMB |
CAS |
ITRA |
FLU |
KETO |
5FC |
| 2.0 µg/ml=1 |
32 µg/ml=1 |
<0.015 µg/ml=1 |
16 µg/ml=1 |
1.0 µg/ml=1 |
>64 µg/ml=1 |
| |
|
0.125 µg/ml=1 |
32 µg/ml=1 |
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| Drug/N |
AMB/1 |
CAS/1 |
ITRA/2 |
FLU/2 |
| MIC Range |
2.0 |
32 |
<0.015-0.125 |
16-32 |
* Fungus Testing Laboratory unpublished data (NCCLS M38-A)
PubMed
GenBank
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References
435. Chin-Hong, P. V., D. A. Sutton, M. Roemer, M. A. Jacobson, and J. A. Aberg. 2001. Invasive fungal sinusitis and meningitis due to Arthrographis kalrae in a patient with AIDS. J Clin Microbiol. 39:804-807.
547. Degavre, B., J. M. Joujoux, M. Dandurand, and B. Guillot. 1997. First report of mycetoma caused by Arthrographis kalrae: successful treatment with itraconazole. J Am Acad Dermatol. 37:318-20.
1764. Perlman, E. M., and L. Binns. 1997. Intense photophobia caused by Arthrographis kalrae in a contact lens-wearing patient. Am J Ophthalmol. 123:547-9.
2106. Sigler, L., Y. Yamaoka, and Y. Hiratsuka. 1990. Taxonomy and chemistry of a new fungus from bark beetle infected Pinus contorta var. latifolia. Part 1. Arthrographis pinicola sp. nov. Can J. Microbiol. 36:77-82.
2461. Xi, L., K. Fukushima, C. Lu, K. Takizawa, R. Liao, and K. Nishimura. 2004. First case of Arthrographis kalrae ethmoid sinusitis and ophthalmitis in the People's Republic of China. J Clin Microbiol. 42:4828-31.
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